Starting tracd without Root Privileges at Startup

I use Trac for the Open Yahtzee website. I’ve decided to use tracd for serving the requests (due to a configuration issue I didn’t want to mess with), which required starting it each time the server restarts. I’ve already written one solution for it, in the form of an init.d script for tracd. However, it bothered me that the tracd runs with root privileges which it doesn’t really requires.

After searching a bit I’ve found out that cron can run tasks on startup using the special @reboot keyword instead of the normal time fields. So edit your crontab and add the following line:

@reboot /usr/bin/tracd --daemonize --pidfile=~/run/tracd.pid --port=PORT --hostname=HOSTNAME -s TRAC_ENV

Just replace PORT, HOSTNAME and TRAC_ENV with the appropriate values for your environment, and make sure you got a run/ sub-directory in your home folder (or change the pidfile value).

To stop the server just do:

kill `cat ~/run/tracd.pid`

While there is no straight way to restart the server (like /etc/init.d/tracd restart), it’s a good compromise for dropping root privileges.

Amarok Sleep – Stop Playback After Specified Amount of Time

Amarok is my favourite music player. I like to listen to music when I go a sleep, but I don’t want the music to keep playing all night long. This is why I’ve added a sleep feature to radio.py. Unfortunately, Amarok doesn’t have a built-in sleep functionality, but the Amarok developers left open door for us to implement it with ease by means of interfaces allowing to control amarok from the command line.
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Configuring Lighttpd for CakePHP

I tried a few days ago to install a CakePHP project of mine on a lighttpd web-server. As expected, its clean URLs didn’t work, so I set out to find a solution.

One possible solution is the one outlined in the CakePHP manual. The solution uses the mod_magnet module (which basically runs a Lua script to do the rewriting), and I found it an overkill. I was looking for a simple solution based only on mod_rewrite, something like the solution for WordPress.
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phpMyAdmin + Lighttpd in Gentoo

Usually installing software in Gentoo is a piece of cake. Just emerge what you want and (with the right USE flags) and everything will be ready for you. However, as today I’ve found out today, installing phpMyAdmin with Lighttpd isn’t trivial as it should be.

In this post I’ll try to walk you through the necessary steps to install phpMyAdmin with Lighttpd in Gentoo.
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Fixing Numbering Direction for Hebrew Text in LyX

On Monday, I’ve submitted a patch to the LyX developers mailing list with a fix for the numbering direction in Hebrew text. In Hebrew text the dot appeared before the numbering symbol instead of after it as it should.
before-fix
This behaviour has been this way for years (at least as long as I can remember).
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Batch Renaming Using sed

I was reorganizing my music library and decided to change the naming convention I’ve used. This task is just asking to be automated. Since the filename change could be described using regular expression, I looked for a way to use sed for the renaming process.

The files I had, had the following pattern as filename ARTIST – SONG – TRACK – ALBUM

James Brown - I Got You (I Feel Good).ogg  - 01 - Classic James Brown

I wanted to rename it to ARTIST – ALBUM – TRACK – NAME

James Brown - Classic James Brown - 01 - I Got You (I Feel Good).ogg

Describing the change as a sed program is easy:

s/\(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\).ogg/\1 - \4 - \3 - \2.ogg/

Now all that has to be done is to pass each filename to mv and pass it again after it went through the sed script. This could be done like this:

for i in *; do
  mv "$i" "`echo $i | sed "s/\(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\).ogg/\1 - \4 - \3 - \2.ogg/"`";
done

The important part is the

`echo $i | sed "s/\(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\).ogg/\1 - \4 - \3 - \2.ogg/"`

which pipes the filename to sed and returns it as an argument for mv.

To see what renaming will be done one can alter a bit the above command, and get

for i in *; do
  echo "$i" "->" "`echo $i | sed "s/\(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\) - \(.*\).ogg/\1 - \4 - \3 - \2.ogg/"`";
done

While will effectively print a list of lines of the form oldname -> newname.

Of course this technique isn’t limited to the renaming I’ve done. By changing the pattern given to sed, one can do any kind of renaming that can be described as a regular expression replacement. Also one can change the globbing (the *) in the for loop to operate only on specific files, that match a given pattern, in the directory instead of all of them.

Deleting a Range of Tickets in Trac

Recently the Open Yahtzee website which runs Trac has fallen victim to several spam attacks. The spammers submit large number of tickets containing links to various sites. This post was written mainly to allow me to copy paste a command to delete a range of tickets at once, but I thought it may be useful to others as well.
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WordPress Backup to FTP

Update: A newer version of the script is available.

This script allows you to easily backup your WordPress blog to an FTP server. It’s actually a modification of my WordPress Backup to Amazon S3 Script, but instead of saving the backup to Amazon S3 it uploads it to an FTP server. Another update is that now the SQL dump includes the database creation instructions so you don’t need to create it manually before restoring from the backup.

Although I’ve written it with WordPress in mind (to creates backups of my blog), it isn’t WordPress specific. It can be used to backup any website that consists of a MySQL database and files. I’ve successfully used it to backup MediaWiki installation.
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Extract Public Key from X.509 Certificate as Hex

X.509 certificates are common way to exchange and distribute public key information. For example, most Open Social containers use the OAuth RSA-SHA1 signature method, and distribute their public keys in the X.509 format.

While working on an AppEngine application, I needed to verify requests from such containers. However, there is (currently) no pure python library able of parsing the certificates. This meant that I needed extract the public key out of the certificate manually, and store it in some parsed way inside the Python code.

Fortunately, parsing public keys form a X.509 certificate and representing them as a Hex number turned out simple and easy.
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Expanding Macros into String Constants in C

Today I came across an annoying problem, how do I expand a C macro into a string?

One of C’s preprocessor operators is the # which surrounds the token that follows it in the replacement text with double quotes (“). So, at first the solution sounds pretty simple, just define

#define STR(tok) #tok

and things will work. However, there is one caveat: it will not work if passed another macro. For example,

#define BUF_LEN 100
#define STR(tok) #tok

STR(BUF_LEN)

will produce after going through the preprocessor

"BUF_LEN"

instead of "100", which is undesired. This behavior is due to the C standard noting that no macro expansions should happen to token preceded by #.

However, after reconsidering the source of the problem, I’ve found the following workaround: define another macro which will expand the argument and only then call the macro which does the quoting.

#define STR_EXPAND(tok) #tok
#define STR(tok) STR_EXPAND(tok)

#define BUF_LEN 100

STR(BUF_LEN)

will produce

"100"

as desired.

Explanation: The STR macro calls the STR_EXPAND macro with its argument. Unlike in the first example, this time the parameter is checked for macro expansions and evaluated by the preprocessor before being passed to STR_EXPAND which quotes it, thus giving the desired behavior.